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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

4.6K
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

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Centrosome dysfunction in human diseases.

Sonal Jaiswal1, Priyanka Singh1

  • 1Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|May 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centrosomes, crucial for cell functions, are increasingly linked to human diseases like cancer and brain disorders. Understanding centrosome defects offers new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
AsymmetryCentrioleCentrosomeCiliaMicrotubules

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Centrosomes are key microtubule organizing centers in animal cells, essential for cell division, migration, and motility.
  • Despite their long history, centrosomes have gained attention due to their newly discovered links to various human diseases.
  • Defects in centrosomes are implicated in cancers, neurological disorders, and ciliopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of centrosomes in ciliogenesis and neural stem cell division.
  • To highlight how centrosome dysfunction contributes to human diseases.
  • To explore the potential of targeting centrosomes for therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on centrosome function and disease association.
  • Focus on centrosome number, organization, and function in disease pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting centrosomes.

Main Results:

  • Centrosome defects, including numerical and organizational abnormalities, are associated with a spectrum of human diseases.
  • The review consolidates knowledge on centrosome's role in critical cellular processes relevant to disease.
  • Evidence suggests centrosomes as viable targets for novel therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Centrosome dysfunction is a significant factor in the development of various human pathologies.
  • Further research into centrosome biology is crucial for understanding and treating related diseases.
  • Targeting centrosomes holds promise for future therapeutic development in oncology, neurology, and other fields.