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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Forest Science

Background:

  • Global climate warming drives shifts in species composition, favoring warm-affinity species (thermophilization).
  • Species' ecological responses often lag behind observed climate changes, with underlying causes needing further investigation.
  • Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in regulating microclimates and influencing biodiversity responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of understory microclimate dynamics in European forests concerning thermophilization.
  • To identify the factors controlling the lag between forest plant community responses and climate warming.
  • To understand the reciprocal effects between forest microclimates and plant communities under changing climate and land use.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of multidecadal understory microclimate data from European forests.
  • Assessment of the relationship between microclimate variables and forest plant community composition.
  • Evaluation of the impact of tree canopy cover dynamics on local warming rates and microclimate stability.

Main Results:

  • Microclimate dynamics are the primary drivers of thermophilization and the climatic lag observed in forest plant communities.
  • Increasing tree canopy cover moderates warming rates within forests, while canopy loss intensifies local heat.
  • Loss of canopy cover exacerbates the mismatch between plant community adaptation and ongoing climate change.

Conclusions:

  • Forest microclimates are critical regulators of biodiversity responses to climate change.
  • The interplay between plant communities and microclimates shapes forest ecosystem resilience and function.
  • Understanding these reciprocal effects is essential for predicting forest responses to future climate and land-use scenarios.