[Pituitary microadenomas - current diagnostic and treatment methods]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Neurosurgery
• Radiology

Background:

• Pituitary microadenomas are defined as tumors <10 mm in diameter.
• Increased MRI use has led to a higher incidence of microadenoma diagnosis.
• These tumors exhibit significant heterogeneity in behavior, secretion, and symptoms despite similar MRI characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current data on the incidence, clinical and endocrine features, diagnosis, and treatment of pituitary microadenomas.
• To highlight the heterogeneity of pituitary microadenomas.
• To emphasize treatment strategies based on endocrine activity.

Main Methods:

• Review of modern data on pituitary microadenomas.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and imaging characteristics (MRI).
• Evaluation of treatment approaches based on tumor type and endocrine function.

Main Results:

• Pituitary microadenomas are heterogeneous, necessitating tailored treatment.
• Endocrine-active microadenomas (prolactinoma, somatotropinoma, ACTH-secreting tumors) require specific medical or surgical interventions.
• Endocrine-inactive microadenomas (microincidentalomas) warrant follow-up.

Conclusions:

• Treatment decisions for pituitary microadenomas are primarily guided by their endocrine secretory activity.
• Accurate diagnosis and characterization are crucial for effective management.
• A multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinology, radiology, and neurosurgery is often required.