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Self-assembly of multiscale anisotropic hydrogels through interfacial polyionic complexation.

Akhil Patel1, Vinayak Sant1, Sachin Velankar2,3,4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|May 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to create fibrous hydrogels from polysaccharides for tissue engineering. This technique offers better control over microarchitecture and enhances mechanical properties, paving the way for advanced biomaterials.

Keywords:
alginateautomated collectorcerium oxide nanoparticleschitosanfibrous hydrogelsgellan guminterfacial polyionic complexationkappa carrageenanpolysaccharides

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polysaccharides are widely used in tissue engineering for their biocompatibility and hydrogel-forming capabilities.
  • Conventional bulk hydrogels lack microarchitectural control, limiting their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix.
  • Precise control over microarchitecture is crucial for developing biomimetic environments in tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile platform for fabricating multiscale fibrous hydrogels with controlled anisotropic microarchitecture.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of oppositely charged polysaccharides into fibrous hydrogels.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and potential for nanoparticle encapsulation within these novel hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polyionic complexation via microfluidic flow of chitosan (positively charged) with alginate, gellan gum, or kappa carrageenan (negatively charged).
  • Characterized the resulting hydrogels for their multiscale fibrous structure (microscale fibers composed of submicron fibrils).
  • Assessed tensile mechanical properties and the effect of incorporating cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs).

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated multiscale fibrous hydrogels with controlled anisotropic microarchitecture.
  • Hydrogels composed of chitosan and gellan gum exhibited over eight times higher tensile strength compared to other combinations.
  • Encapsulation of sphere-shaped cerium oxide nanoparticles enhanced tensile strength by 40% in chitosan-gellan gum hydrogels.
  • Demonstrated one-step encapsulation of nanoparticles without chemical modification or crosslinkers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automated platform enables the fabrication of bioinspired biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties.
  • This technology allows for the creation of complex hydrogel architectures mimicking natural tissue environments.
  • The platform offers a versatile approach for incorporating active agents like nanoparticles for enhanced biomaterial function.