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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance, 1 April to 30 June 2019.

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Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases rose in 2019. While the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) initially reduced disease, non-vaccine serotypes are now increasing, impacting public health.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has altered disease epidemiology.
  • Surveillance of IPD is crucial for monitoring vaccine effectiveness and disease trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in IPD incidence following the switch from 7-valent to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).
  • To investigate the impact of PCV introduction on serotype distribution and disease burden across different age groups.
  • To assess the recent trends in IPD caused by vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type pneumococcal serotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of notified IPD case data.
  • Comparison of IPD incidence rates between different quarters and years.
  • Serotype-specific analysis of causative agents of IPD.

Main Results:

  • Notified IPD cases in Q2 2019 exceeded those in the previous quarter and Q2 2018.
  • Following the 2011 introduction of 13vPCV, an initial decline in IPD was observed, attributed to vaccine-type serotypes.
  • Recent trends show a plateauing decline in vaccine-type IPD, with a steady increase in non-vaccine-type serotypes, including those covered by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) and unvaccinted serotypes, across all age groups.

Conclusions:

  • The epidemiological impact of 13vPCV on IPD is evolving, with a diminishing decline in vaccine-type disease.
  • There is a concerning rise in IPD caused by pneumococcal serotypes not covered by current routine childhood immunization programs.
  • Continued surveillance and potential vaccine updates are necessary to address the changing landscape of IPD.