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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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A dumbbell spinal mass derived from ectopic thyroid.

Shiyuan Han1, Fei Xie1, Yongning Li1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Gland Surgery
|May 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a rare case of ectopic thyroid tissue presenting as a spinal tumor. The ectopic follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) was found epidurally, challenging typical developmental pathways.

Keywords:
Spinal dumbbell tumorectopic thyroidpapillary thyroid carcinomathyroid dysgenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid is a congenital defect involving thyroid gland displacement during embryologic development.
  • Thyroid ectopy typically follows the gland's embryologic migration path, usually in the neck region.
  • Spinal epidural locations are highly unusual for ectopic thyroid tissue.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with an epidural dumbbell-shaped mass at the T6-T7 spinal level.
  • A pre-tracheal thyroid gland was also noted in the same patient.
  • The spinal mass was initially suspected to be a neurogenic tumor.

Findings:

  • The spinal epidural mass was histopathologically confirmed as ectopic follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC).
  • This represents the first reported instance of ectopic thyroid tissue mimicking a spinal neurogenic tumor.
  • The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the spinal epidural space is a significant deviation from known embryologic pathways.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of ectopic thyroid presentation.
  • It necessitates consideration of ectopic thyroid tissue in the differential diagnosis of spinal tumors, especially in unusual locations.
  • Further research into embryologic mechanisms may elucidate the origins of ectopic thyroid tissue in extrathoracic and spinal locations.