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Role of microRNAs in the predisposition to gastrointestinal malignancies

Maria Baz1, Tony Ibrahim2

  • 1Department of Tumor Molecular Biology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villfejuif 94805, France.

World Journal of Clinical Cases
|May 19, 2020
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in cancer development, especially gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Genetic variations in miRNA pathway genes, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), may influence GI cancer risk.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression implicated in cancer initiation.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is frequently observed in various cancers, including gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA pathway genes can potentially alter miRNA biosynthesis and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the association between miRNA pathway gene-SNPs and GI cancer susceptibility.
  • To consolidate knowledge on how genetic variations in miRNA biogenesis and regulation influence predisposition to GI cancers.

Main Methods:

  • This mini-review synthesizes findings from existing meta-analyses and case-control studies.
  • The focus is on SNPs in genes involved in miRNA biosynthesis, including regulators and binding sites.

Main Results:

  • Several meta-analyses have investigated the link between miRNA pathway gene-SNPs and GI cancer risk.
  • Evidence suggests a potential association between these genetic variations and susceptibility to GI malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • MiRNA pathway gene-SNPs represent a significant area of research for understanding GI cancer predisposition.
  • Future studies should explore the interplay between these SNPs, environmental factors, and other genomic elements to elucidate complex cancer development mechanisms.
Keywords:
CancerDigestive tractMicroRNAReviewRiskSingle nucleotide polymorphism

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