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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
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Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
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[Double vision and a wrong track].

Karolin Weigel1, Elmar Lobsien1, Donald Lobsien2

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie, HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt.

Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
|May 19, 2020
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Summary

This case highlights how clinical and lab findings can mimic sarcoidosis, but a biopsy revealed diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma, emphasizing the need for histology in differential diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific clinical and laboratory findings.
  • Ocular and neurological manifestations are common in systemic inflammatory diseases.

Observation:

  • A 72-year-old woman presented with acute diplopia, later developing ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and radiculopathy.
  • Initial suspicion of sarcoidosis based on hilar enlargement, elevated ACE, and lymphocytic alveolitis.
  • Imaging revealed orbital, spinal, and retroperitoneal lesions.

Findings:

  • Biopsy of the masseter muscle, initially suspected for sarcoidosis, confirmed diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma.
  • Elevated serum ACE, sIL2 receptor, and CD4/CD8 ratio were noted.
  • The patient was treated with R-CHOP immuno-chemotherapy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical role of histology in differentiating sarcoidosis from other conditions with overlapping symptoms.
  • Misdiagnosis can be avoided by prioritizing tissue biopsy when clinical and imaging findings are ambiguous.
  • Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment and improved patient outcomes in complex neurological presentations.