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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
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Glomerulonephritis Histopathological Pattern Change.

Anas AlYousef1, Ali AlSahow2, Bassam AlHelal3

  • 1Farwaniya Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Sabah Al Nasser, Kuwait. Anas.alyousef@gmail.com.

BMC Nephrology
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glomerulonephritis patterns in Kuwait show Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) as the most common primary diagnosis. Lupus nephritis is the leading cause of secondary glomerulonephritis, highlighting key kidney disease trends.

Keywords:
Diabetic Kidney DiseaseGlomerulonephritisIgA NephropathyKidney Biopsy Nephrotic Syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunopathology
  • Renal Medicine

Background:

  • Glomerulonephritides (GN) are rare kidney diseases with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Kidney biopsy is crucial for diagnosing GN, assessing severity, and guiding treatment.
  • Global patterns of glomerular diseases have shifted over the past five decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed via biopsy in Kuwait.
  • To determine the most common indications for kidney biopsy.
  • To identify the incidence of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 545 kidney biopsies from patients over 12 years old in Kuwait over six years.
  • Biopsy indications were categorized into six clinical syndromes.
  • Incidence of kidney disease types and biopsy indications were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Sub-nephrotic proteinuria with acute kidney injury (AKI) was the most frequent indication for biopsy (32.8%).
  • Primary Glomerulonephritis (PGN) accounted for 65.3% of diagnoses, with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) being the most common (23.9%).
  • Secondary Glomerulonephritis (SGN) comprised 24.6%, with lupus nephritis being the most frequent (41.8% of SGN). Minimal change disease (MCD) was noted in 35.5% of young adults.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis in primary nephrotic syndromes in Kuwait.
  • Lupus nephritis is the predominant diagnosis among secondary glomerulonephritis cases in Kuwait.