Biomechanical evaluation of a new passive back support exoskeleton

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Occupational Health
• Ergonomics

Background:

• Low-back pain is a leading global cause of disability, with mechanical loading as a primary risk factor.
• Workplace exoskeletons aim to reduce mechanical loading, but existing designs may limit motion and shift relative to the body.
• A novel, multi-joint passive exoskeleton (SPEXOR) was developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of the SPEXOR passive exoskeleton on spinal compression forces, moments, muscle activity, and kinematics.
• To evaluate the exoskeleton's impact during static bending at various hand heights and during lifting tasks using different techniques.

Main Methods:

• The study involved participants wearing the SPEXOR passive exoskeleton.
• Measurements were taken during static bending at six hand heights.
• Participants performed a 10 kg box lift using Free, Squat, and Stoop techniques.

Main Results:

• The exoskeleton reduced spinal compression forces by 13-21% during static bending and by an average of 14% during lifting.
• Participants exhibited reduced lumbar flexion when wearing the exoskeleton during static bending.
• The lifting technique did not significantly alter the exoskeleton's effectiveness in reducing compression forces.

Conclusions:

• The SPEXOR passive exoskeleton effectively reduces spinal compression forces through mechanical support and behavioral adaptations.
• Reduced lumbar flexion with the exoskeleton suggests decreased passive tissue strain during static bending.
• The observed reduction in peak compression forces may lower the risk of compression-induced tissue failure during lifting tasks.