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Inheritance of Refractive Error in Millennials.

Dibyendu Pusti1, Antonio Benito2, Juan J Madrid-Valero3,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myopia prevalence is increasing globally, driven by environmental factors more than genetics in young adults. This study found shared environment significantly impacts refractive error variance in millennial twins, contrasting with previous findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Global myopia prevalence is rapidly increasing, projected to affect half the population by 2050.
  • Lifestyle changes and technology are implicated, yet twin studies suggest high heritability for refractive error.
  • Heritability estimates can fluctuate with environmental shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variance in refractive error among millennial twins.
  • To determine the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to myopia in young adults.
  • To compare current heritability findings with those of previous generations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of refractive error variance in 100 twin pairs of university students in southeast Spain.
  • Statistical examination of genetic and shared environmental influences.
  • Comparison of myopia prevalence and heritability between millennial twins and a prior generation.

Main Results:

  • The study population exhibited a high prevalence of myopia (77%).
  • Shared environment was the primary driver of refractive error variance, followed by additive genetic factors.
  • A decrease in heritability was observed in millennials compared to previous generations from the same ethnic background.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors play a more significant role in myopia development among young adults than previously estimated.
  • The rising prevalence of myopia may be linked to reduced heritability and increased environmental impact.
  • Future research should focus on environmental interventions to mitigate myopia progression.