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Functional Outcomes of Children Identified Early in the Developmental Period as at Risk for ASD Utilizing the The

Nina Stenberg1, Synnve Schjølberg2, Frederick Shic3,4

  • 1Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|May 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Early screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the M-CHAT

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is vital for timely intervention and improved long-term outcomes.
  • Current screening tools often fail to identify a significant proportion of children later diagnosed with ASD.
  • This highlights a potential gap in what existing instruments measure regarding developmental concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental and diagnostic characteristics of children identified as at-risk by a specific criterion of the M-CHAT at 18 months.
  • To explore the predictive value of the "developmental concern on the six-critical discriminative item criterion" (DFA6) of the M-CHAT.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study and the Autism Birth Cohort study.
  • Analyzed a cohort of 834 children assessed at 18 months using the DFA6 criterion of the M-CHAT.
  • Examined subsequent developmental diagnoses and cognitive/language outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The DFA6 identified 28.8% of children diagnosed with ASD.
  • The DFA6 also flagged 4.4% of children with language disorder and 81.3% with intellectual disability, none of whom had ASD.
  • Children scoring in the "at-risk" range showed lower IQ, impaired language, and more severe autism symptoms, regardless of ASD diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • The DFA6 criterion of the M-CHAT at 18 months identifies a subset of children with ASD but also a significant group with other developmental challenges.
  • Children flagged by DFA6 exhibit broader developmental issues, including lower cognitive function and language impairments, irrespective of an ASD diagnosis.
  • This suggests the DFA6 captures a spectrum of developmental risks beyond just ASD, impacting cognitive and language development.

Keywords:
ADOSAutism spectrum disordersCognitionEarly identificationFather and child cohort studyLanguageMoBaNorwegian motherScreeningVineland

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