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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
12.3K

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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One-Step High-Temperature-Synthesized Single-Atom Platinum Catalyst for Efficient Selective Hydrogenation.

Qingyuan Bi1, Xiaotao Yuan2, Yue Lu3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)
|May 20, 2020
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Summary

A new one-step arc-discharge method creates single-atom platinum on molybdenum carbide (Pt1/MoC) catalysts. This advanced catalyst shows exceptional performance and stability for quinoline hydrogenation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts offer high atom utilization efficiency but often involve complex, difficult-to-control preparation.
  • Developing facile and scalable methods for single-atom catalyst synthesis remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a one-step *in situ* synthesis for single-atom platinum anchored in single-crystal molybdenum carbide (Pt1/MoC).
  • To investigate the catalytic performance and stability of the synthesized Pt1/MoC for selective hydrogenation reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a facile and controllable arc-discharge strategy under extreme conditions (up to 4000°C).
  • Employed high temperatures to achieve atom dispersion and thermodynamically favorable metal-support interactions for enhanced stability.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized single-atom Pt anchored in single-crystal MoC (Pt1/MoC) via a one-step arc-discharge method.
  • The Pt1/MoC catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance in selective quinoline hydrogenation with an initial turnover frequency of 3710 h⁻¹, an order of magnitude higher than previous reports.
  • The catalyst exhibited excellent thermal stability and broad activity for hydrogenation of C=C, C=N, and C=O bonds.

Conclusions:

  • The arc-discharge method provides an effective and scalable approach for fabricating robust single-atom catalysts.
  • High-temperature *in situ* synthesis promotes stable metal-support interactions, leading to superior catalytic activity and durability.
  • The developed Pt1/MoC catalyst is a promising material for various hydrogenation applications.