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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

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Published on: September 1, 2018

Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact.

Ignacio Rubio¹, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez¹, Richard Bernier²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 21, 2020

Summary

This study combines 3D scanning and computed tomography (CT) to analyze ballistic impact damage in aramid composites. The 3D scanner efficiently measures surface deformation, complementing CT

Keywords:

3D scanner CT tomography composite damage piezoelectric sensor

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

Aramid composites are crucial for armor and shielding applications.
Understanding ballistic impact damage is vital for material performance and safety.
Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods are needed for efficient analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the combined use of 3D scanning and computed tomography (CT) for analyzing ballistic impact damage in aramid composite plates.
To correlate surface deformation measurements with internal damage.
To assess the efficiency and complementarity of these NDE techniques.

Main Methods:

Ballistic impact testing on aramid composite plates using different projectile geometries and velocities.
Surface deformation analysis using a 3D scanner to determine permanent back face deformation (PBFD).
Internal damage assessment via computed tomography (CT) to detect delamination and fiber failure.
Reaction force history measurement using piezoelectric sensors.

Main Results:

3D scanning accurately quantifies permanent back face deformation (PBFD) correlated with impact velocity and projectile type.
Computed tomography (CT) effectively identifies internal damage, including delamination and fiber failure.
A combination of 3D scanning and piezoelectric sensors provides complementary data to CT, offering a more efficient analysis approach.
CT is accurate but expensive and time-consuming for routine analysis.

Conclusions:

The integrated approach of 3D scanning and CT provides comprehensive analysis of ballistic impact damage in aramid composites.
3D scanning offers a cost-effective and efficient method for measuring surface deformation.
The combination of 3D scanning and piezoelectric sensors is a valuable complement to CT for developing numerical models and optimizing armor design.