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Strategies for hepatitis B booster vaccination among children: an 8-year prospective cohort study

Yan Qiu1, Jing-Jing Ren1, Zi-Kang Wu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|May 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

A 10 μg hepatitis B vaccine booster, administered on a 0-1-6 month schedule, provides robust and long-lasting protection in children. One booster dose may be sufficient for children with existing anti-HBs titers.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Universal infant hepatitis B vaccination is standard practice.
  • Debate exists regarding the necessity and optimal strategy for booster doses in children.
  • Assessing long-term antibody persistence and response to boosters is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the need for hepatitis B virus (HBV) booster vaccination in children.
  • To evaluate different strategies for HBV booster vaccination.
  • To determine the optimal dosage and schedule for booster responses.

Main Methods:

  • An 8-year prospective cohort study involving 4170 children aged 5-15 years.
  • Participants were grouped based on pre-booster anti-HBs antibody levels (<0.1, 0.1-<1, 1-<10 mIU/mL).
  • Children negative for all HBV markers received varying doses (5, 10, 20 μg) of HBV vaccine or a combined hepatitis A and B (HAB) vaccine on a 0-1-6 month schedule.

Main Results:

  • The 10 μg HBV vaccine group (Group II) demonstrated high seropositive rates (up to 92.8% at 8 years) and sustained geometric mean titers (GMTs).
  • Children in Group C (1-<10 mIU/mL) showed robust seropositive rates (up to 98.9%) and high GMTs after revaccination.
  • The 10 μg dose with the 0-1-6 month schedule elicited strong, persistent immune responses lasting at least 8 years.

Conclusions:

  • A 10 μg hepatitis B vaccine booster with a 0-1-6 month schedule is effective in eliciting robust and durable immune responses in children.
  • One-dose revaccination may be suitable for children with pre-existing anti-HBs titers between 1 and <10 mIU/mL.
  • These findings support the potential need for and optimal strategy of HBV booster vaccination in children.

Keywords:
HBVbooster vaccinationchildrenfollow-uplong-term

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