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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Transformation01:26

Transformation

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Transposable element persistence via potential genome-level ecosystem engineering.

Stefan C Kremer1, Stefan Linquist2, Brent Saylor3

  • 1School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. skremer@uoguelph.ca.

BMC Genomics
|May 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs) can accumulate in eukaryotic genomes. In simulations, TEs co-existed with hosts by creating inactive copies, balancing replication and maintaining stable genome density.

Keywords:
C-value paradoxEcosystem engineeringGenome-level ecologyJunk DNATransposon accumulationTransposon ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Ecology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genome size varies greatly, largely due to transposable elements (TEs).
  • Factors influencing TE accumulation are poorly understood, with prior research focusing on host-level evolution.
  • This study investigates TE ecology and within-host cellular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that intracellular ecological mechanisms influence transposable element accumulation.
  • To explore the conditions under which transposable elements and host genomes can co-exist.

Main Methods:

  • A simulated asexual transposable element (TE)/host system was used.
  • Experiments tracked TE accumulation rates within host genomes under varying conditions.
  • The net effect of TEs on host fitness was monitored.

Main Results:

  • TEs generally led to host extinction or were purged.
  • In some cases, TEs and hosts co-existed, with TEs accumulating to high numbers.
  • Co-existence occurred when TEs achieved stable genomic density, balancing active replication with inactive copy production.

Conclusions:

  • TEs can persist by creating their own genomic "habitat" through ecosystem engineering.
  • Intracellular TE ecology offers an alternative explanation for TE accumulation patterns.