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Allergen Immunotherapy for Local Respiratory Allergy
I Eguiluz-Gracia1, A Ariza2, A Testera-Montes1
1Allergy Department, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain.
Local respiratory allergy (LRA) is an eosinophilic airway disease. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) shows promise in managing LRA symptoms, unlike standard therapies, but long-term effects require further study.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Local respiratory allergy (LRA) represents an eosinophilic phenotype within chronic airway diseases.
- The LRA spectrum includes local allergic rhinitis (LAR), local allergic asthma (LAA) in non-atopic individuals, and dual allergic rhinitis (DAR) in atopic patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current therapeutic strategies for LRA.
- To evaluate the evidence for various treatment options in managing LRA.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on LRA treatments.
- Analysis of randomized clinical trials and observational studies focusing on allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and standard therapies.
Main Results:
- Standard therapies (antihistamines, corticosteroids, bronchodilators) lack controlled studies for LRA efficacy.
- Three randomized clinical trials and one observational study indicate AIT effectively controls nasal/ocular symptoms in LAR, reduces rescue medication use, and improves quality of life.
- While nasal/inhaled steroids may reduce eosinophilic inflammation, they do not alter the disease's natural course.
Conclusions:
- Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) demonstrates significant benefits for local allergic rhinitis (LAR) symptom control and quality of life.
- Further research is needed to investigate the long-term and disease-modifying effects of AIT in the broader LRA spectrum.
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