Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
Published on: July 25, 2025
Urinary glucose and ketone bodies as indicators of acute caffeine poisoning
Seiji Morita1, Tomoatsu Tsuji1, Mari Amino1
1Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Japan.
Aim:
In various countries, many fatal health problems have been reported due to high intake of caffeine-rich energy drinks, tablets, and powders. In patients with acute caffeine poisoning, determination of blood caffeine concentration is an important yet difficult task. We aimed to assess whether the presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine reflected the blood caffeine concentration in patients with acute caffeine poisoning.
Methods:
From April 2010 to March 2018, 25 patients with an overdose of only caffeine-rich tablets were admitted to our hospital. Their clinical features were investigated. In addition, we investigated whether the glucose and ketone bodies in the urine reflected blood caffeine concentration in 23 patients who underwent the urine qualitative test at admission.
Results:
The majority of the patients were young healthy women, whose average caffeine ingestion was 15.6 ± 8.1 g. Initial urine examinations showed glucose in 60% (14/23) of patients and ketone bodies in 57% (13/23) of patients. Ketone bodies or glucose were found in 78% (18/23) of the patients. The correlation between blood caffeine concentration and urinary glucose was R = 0.625, blood caffeine concentration and ketone bodies was R = 0.596, and blood caffeine and both was R = 0.76.
Conclusion:
Urine qualitative test is effective for differential diagnosis and severity assessment of acute caffeine poisoning in patients.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...

