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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Artificial Tactile Perceptual Neuron with Nociceptive and Pressure Decoding Abilities.

Fei Yu1,2,3, Jia Cheng Cai1,2,4, Li Qiang Zhu1,2

  • 1School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an artificial tactile neuron using electronic skin and neuromorphic transistors. This device mimics human touch perception, pain, and even "Morse code" for advanced robotics and neuroprosthetics.

Keywords:
artificial nociceptorsartificial tactile perceptual neuronelectronic skinsneuromorphic transistorstactile decoding abilities

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromorphic Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The human neural system is a complex perceptual learning system.
  • Mimicking biological sensory systems is crucial for advancing neuromorphic platforms.
  • Artificial tactile perception is key for applications like robotics and prosthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create an artificial tactile perceptual neuron using electronic skin (E-skin) and oxide neuromorphic transistors.
  • To simulate biological tactile afferent nerves and nociceptors.
  • To explore potential applications in intelligent systems and neuroprosthetics.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an E-skin device using microstructured polydimethylsiloxane with Ag/indium tin oxide (ITO) layers.
  • Development of a chitosan-based electrolyte-gated ITO neuromorphic transistor.
  • Integration of components to create the artificial tactile perceptual neuron.

Main Results:

  • The E-skin exhibited high sensitivity (~2.1 kPa⁻¹) and fast response times (tens of milliseconds).
  • The neuromorphic transistor demonstrated high performance with synaptic responses, including pressure excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation.
  • The artificial neuron achieved low energy consumption (~0.7 nJ) and mimicked pain characteristics like allodynia and hyperalgesia.

Conclusions:

  • The developed artificial tactile perceptual neuron successfully simulates biological tactile afferent nerves and nociceptors.
  • The device's ability to interpret pressure signals, like "Morse code," shows its potential for advanced applications.
  • This low-cost, energy-efficient technology holds promise for intelligent humanoid robots and neuroprosthetic replacements.