[Perioperative Infusion Therapy in Children].

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Anesthesiology
• Intravenous Fluid Therapy
• Perioperative Care

Background:

• Intravenous fluid composition during pediatric anesthesia has long been debated.
• Errors in perioperative infusion therapy can lead to severe complications in children.
• Evidence-based recommendations are needed for safe and effective fluid management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review historical and recent developments in pediatric perioperative fluid management.
• To provide recommendations focused on safety and efficacy.
• To highlight the physiological basis of fluid therapy in children.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical and recent literature on pediatric fluid management.
• Analysis of physiological principles guiding fluid therapy.
• Focus on safety and efficacy of different intravenous fluid types.

Main Results:

• Optimized preoperative fasting and liberal clear fluid intake improve patient condition post-anesthesia.
• Balanced isotonic electrolyte solutions are safer than hypotonic solutions or 0.9% saline.
• 1-2% glucose in maintenance fluids prevents hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
• Colloids like fluid gelatine or hydroxyethyl starch can manage circulatory instability.

Conclusions:

• Physiologically composed infusion solutions benefit homeostasis in children.
• These solutions offer a wider safety margin, even with accidental over-infusion.
• Optimized fluid management enhances perioperative outcomes in pediatric patients.