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Lithium niobate nanoparticles as biofunctional interface material for inner ear devices.

Serena Danti1, Bahareh Azimi1, Mariarita Candito2

  • 1Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

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|May 22, 2020
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Summary

Lithium niobate nanoparticles show potential for next-generation cochlear implants (CI). These otocompatible nanoparticles are antibacterial and support neural cell growth, offering a promising alternative for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) involves inner ear dysfunction, often due to sensory cell loss.
  • Current treatments for severe SNHL rely on cochlear implants (CIs) to restore auditory function.
  • Piezoelectric materials offer a novel approach to stimulate auditory neurons, mimicking natural cochlear processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lithium niobate (LiNbO3) nanoparticles as a material for advanced cochlear implants.
  • To evaluate the otocompatibility, immunomodulatory effects, and antibacterial properties of LiNbO3 nanoparticles.
  • To assess the potential of LiNbO3-based composites for neural stimulation in inner ear devices.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of LiNbO3 nanoparticles for otocompatibility with inner ear cells.
  • Assessment of immunomodulatory activity and antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa.
  • Incorporation of LiNbO3 nanoparticles into poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) fibers via electrospinning.
  • Evaluation of the piezoelectric response and neural cell growth on the composite fibers.

Main Results:

  • LiNbO3 nanoparticles demonstrated in vitro otocompatibility and immunomodulatory effects.
  • Enhanced human beta-defensin expression and direct antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa were observed.
  • Electrospun fibers incorporating LiNbO3 nanoparticles exhibited an improved piezoelectric response.
  • The resulting fibrous composites supported the growth of human neural-like cells in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • LiNbO3 nanoparticles possess favorable properties, including otocompatibility and antibacterial activity, for inner ear applications.
  • The developed LiNbO3-based fibrous composites show promise for next-generation cochlear implant technology.
  • These findings suggest a potential new therapeutic avenue for sensorineural hearing loss.