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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
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Pollen Proteases Play Multiple Roles in Allergic Disorders.

Ricardo Gaspar1, Mafalda Ramos de Matos1, Luísa Cortes1,2

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Pollen proteases damage the lung epithelial barrier, increasing permeability and inflammation. This facilitates allergen exposure, contributing to allergic diseases like asthma and rhinitis.

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IL-6IL-8 and PAR-2allergypollen proteasestransepithelial permeability

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are a significant global health issue.
  • Pollen allergens trigger respiratory allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis and asthma.
  • Pollen-derived proteases are implicated in the immunological and inflammatory responses characteristic of allergic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific proteolytic activity in pollens with varying allergenic potentials.
  • To investigate the impact of pollen diffusates on lung epithelial barrier integrity and inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of Calu-3 lung epithelial cells (air-liquid interface system) to diffusates from *Chenopodium album*, *Plantago lanceolata*, and *Eucalyptus globulus* pollens.
  • Identification of serine proteases and metalloproteinases in pollen diffusates.
  • Assessment of changes in epithelial barrier proteins (E-cadherin, claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1), transepithelial permeability, and cytokine release (IL-6, IL-8) via flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Serine proteases and metalloproteinases were detected in all tested pollen diffusates.
  • Pollen proteases disrupted lung epithelial barrier integrity by degrading key tight junction proteins (E-cadherin, claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1).
  • This disruption led to increased transepithelial permeability and elevated release of IL-6 and IL-8, potentially via protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) activation.

Conclusions:

  • Pollen proteases compromise lung epithelial barrier function, increasing susceptibility to allergens.
  • The identified proteases contribute to allergic airway inflammation by disrupting tight junctions and promoting cytokine release.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to manage pollen-induced allergic diseases.