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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
Published on: December 15, 2023
Daniel Schmidt1,2, Javier Villalba Diez1,3,4, Joaquín Ordieres-Meré1
1Department of Business Intelligence, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
This study used electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze brain activity during shopfloor management (SM) system use. Deep learning identified distinct neurological patterns, differentiating between goal-oriented and continuous improvement strategies for Industry 4.0.
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