Physical Activity Among Adults With Autism: Participation, Attitudes, and Barriers

Area of Science:

• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Public Health
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to lower physical fitness in children, increasing risks for inactivity-related health issues.
• Limited research exists on physical activity (PA) levels and perceptions among adults with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate PA participation, attitudes, and barriers in U.S. adults with ASD compared to neurotypical peers.
• To identify factors influencing PA engagement in the adult ASD population.

Main Methods:

• Utilized standardized scales to survey adults with and without ASD on weekly PA frequency (strenuous, moderate, light).
• Assessed attitudes toward PA, perceived behavioral control, intention, and barriers using validated instruments.
• Compared PA engagement and related psychosocial factors between the ASD group and a neurotypical comparison group.

Main Results:

• Adults with ASD reported less frequent strenuous/moderate PA than the comparison group.
• The ASD group exhibited less positive attitudes toward PA and lower perceived behavioral control.
• Participants with ASD perceived more barriers to PA and showed lower intention to engage in physical activity.

Conclusions:

• Adults with ASD face significant challenges in PA participation, including lower engagement, less favorable attitudes, and more perceived barriers.
• Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote PA in adults with ASD.
• Increased PA holds potential for mitigating common ASD-related challenges such as anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances.