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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
4.3K
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Elbow Fractures.

Kaare S Midtgaard1, Joseph J Ruzbarsky2, Thomas R Hackett2

  • 1The Steadman Clinic, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO 81657, USA; Oslo University Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0450, Norway; Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Forsvarsvegen 75, Sessvollmoen 2058, Norway.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|May 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Treating elbow fractures requires precise restoration of bone and soft tissues. Operative intervention with internal fixation and ligament repair offers the best outcomes for these complex injuries.

Keywords:
Elbow dislocationElbow fractureOlecranon fractureOlecranon osteotomyOpen reduction and internal fixationRadial head fractureTerrible triad

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The elbow joint comprises three articulations: humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar.
  • Elbow stability relies on static and dynamic stabilizing structures.
  • Elbow fractures present significant treatment challenges due to the need for perfect articular surface restoration and management of soft tissue injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and techniques for managing elbow fractures.
  • To highlight the importance of anatomical reduction and stable fixation in achieving optimal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on elbow fracture treatment.
  • Emphasis on surgical management principles, including anatomical reduction, internal fixation, and collateral ligament repair/reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Most elbow fractures necessitate operative treatment.
  • Successful outcomes depend on accurate restoration of bony anatomy and rigid internal fixation.
  • Simultaneous management of associated soft tissue injuries is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Operative treatment is the gold standard for most elbow fractures.
  • Advances in imaging, anatomical understanding, and fixation techniques have improved treatment results.
  • Comprehensive management addressing both bony and soft tissue components is key to successful elbow fracture repair.