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The zero-frequency component of bulk waves in solids with randomly distributed micro-cracks.

Xiaoqiang Sun1, Hongjun Liu1, Youxuan Zhao2

  • 1College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.

Ultrasonics
|May 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Micro-cracks in solids generate a zero-frequency acoustic component in bulk waves, offering a more sensitive indicator of material damage than higher harmonics. This finding aids in locating micro-crack regions.

Keywords:
Bulk wavesMicro-cracksUltrasonic nonlinearityZero-frequency component

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Area of Science:

  • Solid Mechanics
  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Acoustic nonlinearity in elastic solids with micro-cracks arises from crack clapping and slipping.
  • Conventional methods often focus on higher harmonics, which may be less sensitive to micro-damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generation and characteristics of the zero-frequency component in bulk waves due to micro-cracks.
  • To compare the sensitivity of the zero-frequency component with conventional higher harmonics.
  • To explore the potential of the zero-frequency component for micro-crack detection and localization.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical solution using a bi-linear stiffness model for micro-cracks.
  • Numerical simulation incorporating random micro-crack modeling.
  • Investigation of the zero-frequency component in both transmitted and reflected bulk waves.

Main Results:

  • The zero-frequency component of bulk waves is demonstrably generated by micro-cracks.
  • The zero-frequency component exhibits higher sensitivity to micro-cracks compared to second harmonics.
  • Acoustic nonlinearity parameter, based on the zero-frequency component, increases linearly with crack density, micro-crack region length, and fundamental frequency (in the low-frequency range).
  • The zero-frequency component of reflected waves can effectively indicate the location of micro-crack regions.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-cracks in elastic solids generate a distinct zero-frequency acoustic component.
  • The zero-frequency component serves as a more sensitive indicator of acoustic nonlinearity than traditional higher harmonics.
  • The characteristics of the zero-frequency component are directly related to micro-crack properties and can be utilized for non-destructive evaluation and localization of damage.