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Related Concept Videos

Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective solubility...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles
09:27

Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles

Published on: August 16, 2012

Cyclodextrin-Derived Porous Liquids Enabled by In Situ Solvation Shell Formation.

Errui Li1,2, Anton S Pozdeev3, Arvind Ganesan1

  • 1Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new porous liquids (PLs) using cyclodextrins (CDs) and an ionic solvation shell. This breakthrough stabilizes sub-5 Å pores for advanced molecular separations, enhancing gas uptake and fluorinated alkane encapsulation.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

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09:27

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Porous liquids (PLs) offer unique capabilities for molecular separations due to their combined porosity and liquid mobility.
  • Stabilizing PLs with sub-5 Å pores using common materials remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and generalizable strategy for constructing stable porous liquids with engineered ultramicroporosity.
  • To investigate the structural properties and separation capabilities of novel cyclodextrin-derived porous liquids.

Main Methods:

  • In situ solvation shell formation via acid-base neutralization between cyclodextrins (CDs) and an organic base.
  • Spectroscopic analysis, neutron scattering, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Evaluation of separation performance for fluorinated alkanes and inert gases.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed cyclodextrin-derived porous liquids (CD-PLs) stabilized by in situ generated ionic solvation shells.
  • Confirmed the presence of abundant internal porosity and structural integrity of the CD-PLs through combined experimental and computational analyses.
  • Demonstrated highly selective encapsulation of fluorinated alkanes and significantly enhanced uptake of inert gases.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy provides a robust method for creating high-quality porous liquids with tunable ultramicroporosity.
  • These CD-derived PLs show great promise for advanced molecular separation applications, particularly for fluorinated compounds and gases.
  • The in situ solvation shell formation approach is generalizable for constructing various porous liquid systems.