Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

39.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.4K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

7.8K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.8K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.3K
3.3K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

14.4K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
14.4K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

544
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
544
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

13.9K
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
13.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Empirical substitution models of protein evolution: database, relationships, and modeling considerations.

Database : the journal of biological databases and curation·2025
Same author

Forecasting protein evolution by integrating birth-death population models with structurally constrained substitution models.

eLife·2025
Same author

Heterogeneous Evolution Among SARS-CoV-2 Genes and Variants of Concern.

Journal of medical virology·2025
Same author

Molecular Evolution and Phylogeography of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus.

Viruses·2025
Same author

Fitness Effect of the Isoniazid Resistance Mutation S315T of the Catalase-Peroxidase Enzyme KatG of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Genome biology and evolution·2025
Same author

Selection among site-dependent structurally constrained substitution models of protein evolution by approximate Bayesian computation.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2024
Same journal

Sensing Underwater: Diversifying Selection, Convergent Evolution and Inactivation in Sensory Receptors' Genes of Aquatic Mammals.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same journal

Synonymous Codons as Potential Contributors to Chromatin Stability and Gene Body Methylation in Plants.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same journal

Convergent Functional Genomic Evolution Underlying Repeated Freshwater Colonization in Cetaceans.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same journal

Conditions Enabling the Persistence of Cooperating Synthetase, Ligase, and Mutation-Inhibitor Catalytic Polymers.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same journal

Lineage-Specific Diversification of Nucleoporin Nup98 Genes in Ciliates and Its Evolutionary Implications for the Nuclear Dualism.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same journal

Mitochondrial Genome Evolution: The Influence of Partitioning, Calibration, and Gene Heterogeneity on Pleurodontan Substitution Rates.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.8K

Protein Evolution in the Flaviviruses.

Miguel Arenas1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain. marenas@uvigo.es.

Journal of Molecular Evolution
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding pathogen protein evolution is key to designing durable antiviral therapies and predicting resistance. This approach helps identify robust molecular targets against rapidly evolving viruses like flaviviruses.

Keywords:
Antiviral therapyFlavivirusMolecular adaptationProtein evolutionSubstitution processVirus evolution

More Related Videos

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

30.0K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.8K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

30.0K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Virology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Pathogen proteins are common targets for antiviral therapies.
  • Rapid pathogen evolution leads to increased protein diversity, enabling immune evasion and therapeutic resistance.

Discussion:

  • Understanding pathogen protein evolution is crucial for developing robust antiviral therapies.
  • Analyzing proteome evolution aids in identifying conserved protein regions for therapeutic targeting.
  • Accurate models of protein evolution are essential for predicting resistance mechanisms.

Key Insights:

  • Recent studies in the Journal of Molecular Evolution examined flavivirus proteome evolution (Zika, Dengue, West Nile viruses).
  • Evolutionary analysis can predict potential resistance sites and inform drug design.
  • Mimicking protein evolution in models enhances the development of effective antiviral strategies.

Outlook:

  • Future antiviral therapies will benefit from a deeper understanding of viral protein evolution.
  • Predictive models can guide the design of therapies with longer-lasting efficacy.
  • This research highlights the importance of evolutionary insights for combating viral diseases.