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Related Experiment Video

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In Situ Microscopy for Real-time Determination of Single-cell Morphology in Bioprocesses

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Cylindrical IR-ATR Sensors for Process Analytics.

Armin Lambrecht¹, Carsten Bolwien¹, Jochen Erb¹

¹Fraunhofer IPM, Heidenhofstr. 8, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 28, 2020

Summary

This study introduces cylindrical ATR sensors for measuring trace isocyanate concentrations in industrial settings. These sensors enable automatic cleaning and achieve detection limits below 100 ppm, crucial for polyurethane production.

Keywords:

ATR (attenuated total reflection)PAT (process analytical technology)acetonitrile infrared spectroscopy inline isocyanate miniature spectrometer online photometer sapphire

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy is vital for analyzing liquids and solids.
Industrial process environments face challenges with sample exchange and cleaning in ATR spectroscopy.
Isocyanates, essential for polyurethane production, require accurate concentration monitoring due to high global production volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate cylindrical ATR sensors for real-time isocyanate monitoring in industrial processes.
To address the limitations of traditional ATR spectroscopy in process environments, focusing on sample handling and sensor durability.
To achieve sensitive detection of trace isocyanate concentrations relevant to polyurethane manufacturing.

Main Methods:

Utilized a planar ATR photometer setup for measuring toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
Employed a miniature Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for enhanced sensitivity.
Investigated cylindrical ATR elements made of sapphire tubes in reflection and transmission configurations within a liquid flow system.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the feasibility of detecting trace isocyanate concentrations below 100 ppm (m/m) using FPI.
Developed cylindrical ATR sensors with smooth surfaces suitable for automatic cleaning systems.
Achieved detection limits below 100 ppm for isocyanates using acetonitrile as a less toxic surrogate in laboratory setups.

Conclusions:

Cylindrical ATR sensors offer a viable solution for isocyanate monitoring in demanding process environments.
The developed sensor design facilitates automatic cleaning, enhancing its applicability in industrial settings.
Trace concentration detection of isocyanates below 100 ppm is achievable, supporting quality control in polyurethane production.