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Related Concept Videos

The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
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Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
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A Bitter Taste in Your Heart.

Conor J Bloxham1, Simon R Foster2, Walter G Thomas1

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.

Frontiers in Physiology
|May 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are found in the heart, influencing cardiac function and vascular tone. Their discovery suggests a previously unknown role in heart physiology and disease.

Keywords:
G protein-coupled receptorsbitter ligandscardiac physiologypolymorphismssignalingtaste receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The human genome encodes approximately 29 bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) that detect toxic compounds.
  • T2R genetic variations influence individual responses and are linked to diseases.
  • T2Rs and their signaling pathways are expressed in non-gustatory tissues, including the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the extra-oral expression of T2Rs, with a focus on cardiac expression.
  • To explore potential ligands and signaling pathways for cardiac T2Rs.
  • To discuss the implications of T2Rs in cardiac physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T2R expression in non-gustatory tissues.
  • Analysis of existing data on T2R function and signaling.
  • Speculative analysis of potential ligands and pathways in the heart.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports T2R expression in the heart.
  • T2Rs may modulate cardiac contractility and vascular tone.
  • Potential ligands and signaling pathways are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac T2R expression suggests a novel role in heart physiology.
  • T2Rs may represent a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular conditions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise function of T2Rs in the heart.