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Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

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Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain...
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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
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Epoxide and oxetane based liquid crystals for advanced functional materials.

Davey C Hoekstra1, Albert P H J Schenning1, Michael G Debije2

  • 1Laboratory of Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands. a.p.h.j.schenning@tue.nl and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

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Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) like LCEs and LCNs are advanced functional materials. This review explores cyclic ether LCPs as a promising alternative to acrylates, offering improved properties for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) and liquid crystalline networks (LCNs) are polymers with anisotropic properties.
  • Current methods for LCE/LCN synthesis include crosslinking LC side-chain polymers and acrylate monomer polymerization.
  • These polymers are utilized in soft robotics, responsive surfaces, and photonic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of liquid crystals (LCs) with cyclic ethers as polymerizable groups.
  • To present cyclic ether-based LCs as an alternative to acrylate-based mesogens.
  • To highlight the advantages and potential of these cyclic ether mesogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on cyclic ether-based liquid crystal polymers over the past 30 years.
  • Comparative analysis of cyclic ether mesogens versus acrylate mesogens.
  • Summarization of properties and applications.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic ether-based liquid crystal polymers offer advantages over acrylate-based counterparts.
  • These advantages include oxygen insensitivity, reduced polymerization shrinkage, improved alignment, lower processing viscosity, and potentially extended resistivity.
  • Cyclic ether mesogens represent an attractive alternative for advanced functional material fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid crystals with cyclic ethers as polymerizable groups are a viable and advantageous alternative to acrylates.
  • These materials hold significant potential for developing next-generation functional materials.
  • Further research into cyclic ether mesogens is warranted for advanced applications in materials science.