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Updated: May 16, 2026

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

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Published on: June 23, 2013

Light-Responsive Surface Topographies Modulate Macrophage Immune Responses Through Dynamic Mechanical Cues.

Oksana K Savchak^1,2, Ruth M C Verbroekken^2,3, Burcu Gumuscu^1,2,4

¹Biosensors and Devices Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Macromolecular Bioscience

|February 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic liquid crystal (LC) polymer films precisely control macrophage responses using light-induced topographies. These tunable surfaces offer new strategies for immune modulation and regenerative medicine therapies.

Keywords:

dynamic topographies immunomodulation lamellipodia liquid crystal polymers macrophage materiobiology mechanobiology phenotype modulation photo‐responsive materials

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Polarization and Characterization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages on Implant Surfaces

Polarization and Characterization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages on Implant Surfaces

Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Immunology

Background:

Macrophage phenotype regulation by mechanical cues is crucial for understanding inflammation and developing therapies.
Current methods for controlling mechanical stimuli lack dynamic, real-time, and reversible capabilities.
Dynamic interfaces are needed to precisely manipulate cell behavior through mechanical cues.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of dynamic liquid crystal (LC) polymer films on macrophage responses.
To explore the use of reversible light-induced LC surface topographies for on-demand cell reprogramming.
To assess topography-dependent macrophage behavior and cytokine expression profiles.

Main Methods:

Utilized dynamic liquid crystal (LC) polymer films with reversible light-induced surface topographies (flat, pillared, grooved).
Exposed THP-1-derived macrophages to these dynamic topographies to study cell responses.
Analyzed macrophage pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, cytokine expression, and membrane morphology.

Main Results:

Grooved LC films significantly increased both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers.
Pillared LC films maintained an anti-inflammatory profile without broad activation.
Dynamic topographies induced distinct changes in macrophage membrane morphology, including blebbing and lamellipodia/filopodia formation.

Conclusions:

Light-responsive LC surfaces provide a controllable platform for topography-dependent immune modulation.
Macrophage plasticity can be exploited using these dynamic scaffolds for regenerative medicine.
Tunable mechanical stimuli from LC surfaces offer opportunities for adaptive immune regulation.