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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
Published on: July 21, 2021
Thinking with other minds.
Edward Baggs1, Anthony Chemero2
1The Rotman Institute of Philosophy, Western University, London, OntarioN6A 5B7, Canada. ebaggs@uwo.ca.
This study critiques a theory of cultural learning, suggesting Vygotsky's perspective offers a more robust, embodied view of child development and higher-order thinking.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Developmental Psychology
- Embodied Cognition
Background:
- Theories of cultural learning attempt to explain higher-order thinking acquisition.
- Embodied theory proposes that cognition is deeply rooted in bodily experiences.
- Veissière et al. presented an embodied account of cultural learning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the strengths and limitations of Veissière et al.'s embodied theory of cultural learning.
- To propose an alternative theoretical framework for understanding cultural learning and higher-order thinking.
Main Methods:
- Critical analysis of existing theoretical frameworks.
- Comparative evaluation of different perspectives on child learning.
- Literature review integrating embodied cognition and developmental psychology.
Main Results:
- Veissière et al.'s account, while ambitious, suffers from imprecise terminology.
- The view of the child as solely an inference-maker is a limitation.
- Vygotsky's theory provides a more comprehensive and compatible model for embodied cultural learning.
Conclusions:
- Embodied cognition offers a valuable lens for understanding cultural learning.
- Vygotsky's sociocultural theory aligns effectively with embodied principles.
- A revised understanding of child as active participant, not just inference-maker, is crucial.
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