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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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[Immunotherapy for malignant melanoma].

A Zaremba1, L Zimmer1, K G Griewank1

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Deutschland.

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Summary
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Advanced melanoma survival has significantly improved with immune checkpoint inhibitors, offering new hope for patients. Combination therapies are now being explored to further enhance treatment effectiveness in advanced and adjuvant settings.

Keywords:
BRAF mutationDrug therapy, combinationImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMalignant melanoma, pathogenesisTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cutaneous melanoma, though rare, causes a majority of skin cancer deaths.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized advanced melanoma treatment, improving survival irrespective of BRAF mutation.
  • Immunotherapies are now standard for advanced and adjuvant melanoma treatment since 2018.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current landscape of advanced melanoma treatment.
  • To highlight the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies.
  • To discuss ongoing research into combination and sequential treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current therapeutic strategies for cutaneous melanoma.
  • Analysis of the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma.
  • Examination of targeted therapy in BRAF-mutated melanoma.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly improve long-term survival in advanced melanoma.
  • Both targeted therapy and immunotherapy are key treatments for advanced and adjuvant melanoma.
  • Combination and sequential therapies are under active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced melanoma treatment has been transformed by immunotherapy.
  • Further research is crucial to optimize combination and sequential treatment approaches for improved patient outcomes.