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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility.

Maud Grol1, Rudi De Raedt2

  • 1Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. maud.grol@ugent.be.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Lower resting heart rate variability (HRV) may indicate better cognitive flexibility in processing negative emotional information, supporting the neurovisceral integration model. This suggests a link between anxiety, attention, and physiological regulation.

Keywords:
Affective flexibilityCognitive flexibilityHeart rate variabilityRMSSDVagal tone

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • The neurovisceral integration model posits that cortico-subcortical circuits regulate physiological, cognitive, and emotional processes.
  • Vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) is a peripheral marker of these neural circuits' functioning.
  • Higher resting HRV is generally associated with optimal functioning and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between resting HRV and cognitive flexibility in processing emotional information.
  • To examine the interplay between cognition and emotion regulation, specifically attentional shifting between affective and non-affective material.
  • To test the neurovisceral integration model in the context of emotional information processing.

Main Methods:

  • A task-switching paradigm was used to assess cognitive flexibility in 109 participants.
  • Participants shifted attention between affective and non-affective aspects of emotional stimuli.
  • Resting HRV was measured as an index of neurovisceral functioning.

Main Results:

  • Resting HRV was not significantly associated with cognitive flexibility in processing positive emotional material.
  • More efficient attention shifting from affective to non-affective aspects of negative information correlated with lower resting HRV.
  • This finding aligns with theories linking anxiety to attentional avoidance of negative stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Lower resting HRV may reflect enhanced ability to disengage attention from negative emotional information, consistent with anxiety-related attentional biases.
  • The findings support the neurovisceral integration model by linking peripheral physiological markers to cognitive-emotional regulation.
  • Cognitive flexibility in processing negative emotional information is associated with specific patterns of neurovisceral functioning.