Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

5.7K
Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
5.7K
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

23.2K
As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
23.2K
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

8.7K
In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
8.7K
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

68.6K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
68.6K
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

3.5K
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patient Experience with 10 mg Intranasally Administered Zavegepant as an Acute Treatment of Migraine Attacks: Qualitative Research Findings.

Neurology and therapy·2026
Same author

Mother-Child Religious Affiliation Discordance and Mother's Psychosocial Wellbeing in a Rural Sub-Saharan Setting.

Journal for the scientific study of religion·2026
Same author

Consistent Reports of Pregnancy/Birth Contexts and Links to Parental Experiences.

Population research and policy review·2026
Same author

Women's Reproductive Health Conditions and Fertility Goals.

Population research and policy review·2026
Same author

Trends and Levels in Men's and Women's Fertility Goals in the United States.

Population research and policy review·2026
Same author

Medically Assisted Reproduction in the United States: A Focus on Parents 40 and Older.

Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma
11:29

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

Published on: January 22, 2022

15.0K

Changing Educational Differentials in Female Sterilization.

Sarah R Hayford1, Alexandra Kissling2, Karen Benjamin Guzzo3

  • 1Department of Sociology and Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus.

Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female sterilization trends differ by education. College-educated women show declining use, linked to delayed childbirth, while high school graduates show increased use, influenced by factors beyond fertility timing.

More Related Videos

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri
05:21

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Published on: September 12, 2025

299
Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

59.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma
11:29

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

Published on: January 22, 2022

15.0K
Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri
05:21

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Published on: September 12, 2025

299
Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

59.0K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Sociology of Health
  • Demography

Background:

  • Female surgical sterilization is a common contraceptive method in the U.S.
  • Significant educational disparities exist in sterilization rates, necessitating further investigation.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for equitable access to reproductive healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in female sterilization and other contraceptive methods based on educational attainment.
  • To investigate the impact of marital status and age at first birth on sterilization prevalence across educational groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Survey of Family Growth (1973-2015) for 8,100 women aged 40-44.
  • Employed demographic standardization to assess the influence of compositional changes in marital status and age at first birth.
  • Described trends in contraceptive method use stratified by educational attainment.

Main Results:

  • Between 1982 and 2011-2015, sterilization prevalence decreased from 32% to 19% among college graduates and increased from 38% to 44% among high school graduates.
  • Delayed childbearing significantly contributed to the decline in sterilization among college-educated women.
  • Changes in birth timing and marital status had a limited impact on increased sterilization use among women with a high school diploma.

Conclusions:

  • Factors beyond fertility timing, such as contraceptive preferences and access, appear to influence sterilization choices among high school graduates.
  • Educational disparities in sterilization may reflect or worsen broader socioeconomic inequalities affecting women's health.
  • Ensuring equitable access to all contraceptive methods requires addressing these educational differentials.