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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Tissue regulatory T cells.

Prudence PokWai Lui1, Inchul Cho1, Niwa Ali1,2

  • 1Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Immunology
|May 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells with immunosuppressive functions. This review compares Tregs in different tissues, highlighting their local adaptations and specialized roles in immune regulation.

Keywords:
inflammationregulatory T cellstissue regulatory T cellstissue repair

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue-Specific Immunity

Background:

  • Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) possess immunosuppressive functions in various immune responses.
  • While Treg diversity in lymphoid tissues is well-studied, their roles in non-lymphoid tissues are emerging.
  • Tregs in tissues like adipose, muscle, skin, and intestine are critical for local immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare Treg populations in different non-lymphoid tissues.
  • To explore the molecular maintenance, local adaptation, and functional specialization of tissue-resident Tregs.
  • To understand the broader impact of Tregs on both immune and non-immune cells within tissues.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on Treg biology.
  • Comparative analysis of molecular markers and functional assays across different tissue-resident Treg populations.
  • Integration of findings on Treg interactions with parenchymal and immune cells in situ.

Main Results:

  • Tregs exhibit significant heterogeneity based on their tissue of residence.
  • Distinct molecular programs govern the maintenance and function of Tregs in different microenvironments.
  • Tissue-resident Tregs actively modulate local immune responses and regulate non-immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • Tregs are not a monolithic population; tissue localization profoundly shapes their characteristics and functions.
  • Understanding tissue-specific Tregs is essential for developing targeted immunotherapies.
  • Further research into Treg-parenchymal cell interactions will illuminate tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.