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Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
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The indirect test for non-toroidal current transformers is insufficient. Uniformly wound transformers pass direct tests, unlike partially wound ones, indicating potential core saturation issues with the indirect method.

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IEC 61869 testscurrent sensorinstrument current transformeriron core saturation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Power Systems

Background:

  • Non-toroidal current transformers are prevalent in high-current applications.
  • Their lack of radial symmetry raises questions about standard testing procedures like the IEC 61869 indirect test.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the suitability of the indirect test for non-toroidal current transformers.
  • To compare the performance of uniformly and partially distributed secondary winding designs under different testing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental testing of two non-toroidal current transformers with distinct secondary winding configurations.
  • Finite element (FE) simulations to analyze magnetic field distribution and core saturation.
  • Comparison of results from indirect and direct testing methods.

Main Results:

  • Both transformer designs passed the indirect test.
  • Only the uniformly distributed winding transformer passed the direct test.
  • FE simulations revealed iron core saturation in the partially distributed winding transformer, explaining its failure in the direct test.

Conclusions:

  • The indirect test, as per IEC 61869, may not be sensitive enough for all non-toroidal current transformer designs.
  • Direct testing is recommended for non-toroidal transformers, especially when core saturation is suspected.
  • Secondary winding distribution significantly impacts transformer performance and test validity.