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Contactless Rotor Ground Fault Detection Method for Brushless Synchronous Machines Based on an AC/DC Rotating Current

Miguel A Pardo-Vicente1, José M Guerrero2, Carlos A Platero3

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Summary

A novel method detects ground faults in brushless synchronous machines (BSMs) using a rotor-mounted sensor. This system analyzes induced voltage frequencies for reliable fault identification without extra components.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Power Systems
  • Machine Diagnostics

Background:

  • Brushless synchronous machines (BSMs) offer advantages over conventional machines, including reduced maintenance and elimination of sparking.
  • The absence of brushes and slip rings in BSMs complicates rotor-based electrical parameter measurement, particularly for detecting ground faults.
  • Ground faults are the most prevalent electrical fault in rotating machinery, necessitating effective detection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel ground fault detection method for brushless synchronous machines (BSMs).
  • To address the challenges in detecting ground faults within the rotating components of BSMs.
  • To develop a sensor-based system that operates without additional power sources, slip rings, or brushes.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of an inductive AC/DC rotating current sensor integrated into the machine's shaft.
  • Monitoring the voltage induced in the sensor's stator, which occurs when a ground fault current flows through the rotor.
  • Analysis of the frequency components within the induced voltage signal to identify ground fault occurrences.

Main Results:

  • Successful detection of ground faults within the rotating parts of BSMs.
  • The method effectively covers the entire rotor and distinguishes between AC and DC sides.
  • Experimental validation using a prototype sensor connected to laboratory synchronous machines confirmed satisfactory performance.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed inductive AC/DC rotating current sensor provides an effective solution for ground fault detection in BSMs.
  • This method offers significant advantages over existing techniques by eliminating the need for auxiliary power, slip rings, and brushes.
  • The experimental results demonstrate the reliability and practicality of the developed ground fault detection system for BSMs.