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COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic
Shuang Liu1,2, Yuxiang Zhi3, Sun Ying4
1Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|May 30, 2020
Summary
Asthma patients may have a lower risk of severe COVID-19 due to their unique immune responses. Asthma treatments might offer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severe outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, involves immune dysregulation and cytokine storms.
- Asthma patients theoretically face higher COVID-19 risk due to impaired antiviral responses and exacerbation tendencies.
- However, observed COVID-19 prevalence in asthmatics is lower than expected, suggesting a potential protective mechanism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the paradoxical lower prevalence of COVID-19 in asthma patients.
- To explore the potential protective role of type 2 immune responses in COVID-19.
- To examine if asthma therapeutics influence SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and severity.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing studies on COVID-19 and asthma prevalence.
- Analysis of the potential impact of type 2 immunity (cytokines like IL-4, IL-13, eosinophils) on SARS-CoV-2.
- Evaluation of how common asthma medications (inhaled corticosteroids, AIT, anti-IgE) might affect COVID-19 outcomes.
Main Results:
- Type 2 immune responses, characterized by specific cytokines and eosinophils, may confer protection against COVID-19.
- Asthma therapies like inhaled corticosteroids and allergen immunotherapy might reduce infection risk by modulating inflammation and enhancing antiviral defenses.
- The interaction between asthma's immune profile and SARS-CoV-2 warrants further investigation.
Conclusions:
- The type 2 immune response in asthma may offer unexpected protection against COVID-19.
- Conventional asthma treatments could potentially mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection severity.
- Further research is crucial to clarify the complex interplay between asthma and COVID-19.
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