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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

215.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

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Diffusion properties of self-propelled particles in cellular flows.

Lorenzo Caprini1, Fabio Cecconi, Andrea Puglisi

  • 1Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via. F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy. lorenzo.caprini@gssi.it.

Soft Matter
|May 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We investigated how steady flow affects self-propelled particle diffusion. Particle diffusivity shows complex, non-monotonic behavior, with a minimum and sharp increase at long persistence times.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Active particles exhibit persistent motion, crucial for biological and synthetic systems.
  • Understanding particle dynamics in flow fields is essential for predicting transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the diffusivity of a self-propelled particle in a steady laminar flow.
  • To investigate the influence of persistence time and free-diffusion coefficient on particle dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling particle motion using an active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
  • Analyzing diffusivity properties as a function of key parameters.
  • Deriving analytical predictions for diffusion coefficient scaling in specific regimes.

Main Results:

  • Observed non-monotonic diffusivity behavior, including a minimum and a steep increase.
  • Identified a regime of large persistence time with significant diffusion changes.
  • Developed an analytical prediction for diffusion coefficient scaling with active force parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Flow fields significantly alter the diffusion of active particles.
  • Persistence time is a critical factor in determining particle diffusivity in flow.
  • Findings are relevant for understanding microorganisms and motile phytoplankton transport.