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Global hotspots for coastal ecosystem-based adaptation.

Holly P Jones1, Barry Nickel2, Tanja Srebotnjak3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States of America.

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|May 30, 2020
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This summary is machine-generated.

Coastal ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs are vital for climate change adaptation, protecting millions from storms and sea-level rise. Investing in these natural defenses enhances community resilience and conserves biodiversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Adaptation
  • Coastal Ecology

Background:

  • Coastal communities face increasing vulnerability due to climate change impacts like sea-level rise and extreme weather.
  • Traditional 'hard' infrastructure approaches to coastal protection are being complemented by nature-based solutions.
  • Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) leverages natural infrastructure for climate resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a global, spatially explicit evaluation of coastal population vulnerability to climate change.
  • To assess the potential of coastal ecosystems, specifically mangroves and coral reefs, for ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA).
  • To identify priority areas ('hotspots') for coastal EbA investment.

Main Methods:

  • Spatially explicit global analysis of coastal population vulnerability.
  • Overlaying climate change exposure data with the distribution of coastal ecosystems (mangroves, coral reefs).
  • Quantifying the number of people protected by these ecosystems and their co-benefits (e.g., carbon storage).

Main Results:

  • Approximately 30.9 million coastal dwellers are highly vulnerable to tropical storms and sea-level rise (SLR).
  • Mangroves and coral reefs offer protection to 5.3 and 3.4 million people, respectively, mitigating storm surges and SLR impacts.
  • Mangrove ecosystems store significant carbon (896 million metric tons) and provide substantial co-benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Coastal ecosystems, particularly mangroves and coral reefs, are critical for helping human populations adapt to climate change.
  • Conserving and restoring these ecosystems is essential for protecting lives, livelihoods, and biodiversity globally.
  • The developed framework can guide investments in EbA by prioritizing vulnerable 'hotspots'.