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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nasheeta Peer1, Yusentha Balakrishna2, Solange Durao3

  • 1Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in apparently healthy individuals shows no clear benefit for mortality. More research is needed to determine the effects of early diabetes detection on health outcomes.

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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, often undiagnosed.
  • It leads to significant microvascular and macrovascular complications.
  • Early detection through screening may prevent or delay these complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effects of screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Evaluate the impact of screening on mortality and morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched multiple databases up to May 2019.
  • Included one cluster-RCT (ADDITION-Cambridge study) with 20,184 participants.

Main Results:

  • Screening did not show a clear difference in all-cause mortality (low-certainty evidence).
  • Diabetes-related mortality showed no substantial difference (low-certainty evidence).
  • Morbidity and quality of life outcomes were not significantly different in a subsample.

Conclusions:

  • Uncertainty exists regarding the effects of type 2 diabetes screening on mortality.
  • Limited evidence from a single study prevents firm conclusions.
  • Further research is required to assess various health outcomes and socioeconomic effects.