Japanese encephalitis virus: a review on emerging diagnostic techniques

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis globally, particularly in Southeast Asia.
• Current diagnostic methods like ELISA and RT-PCR are established but have limitations in speed and cost-effectiveness.
• Understanding JEV transmission is crucial as humans are dead-end hosts in the zoonotic cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in JEV diagnostic techniques.
• To highlight novel methods for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective JEV detection.
• To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis in controlling JEV spread.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on JEV diagnostics.
• Focus on emerging technologies such as immunosensors (lateral flow, electrochemical) and nanobiosensors.
• Comparison of novel methods with conventional diagnostic assays.

Main Results:

• Emerging technologies show promise for enhanced sensitivity and speed in JEV detection.
• Immunosensors and nanobiosensors offer potential for point-of-care diagnostics.
• These new tools could significantly improve JEV surveillance and management.

Conclusions:

• Advanced diagnostic tools are crucial for timely JEV detection and intervention.
• Novel biosensor technologies represent a significant step forward in combating JEV.
• Improved diagnostics are key to preventing zoonotic transmission to humans.