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The role of sialic acids in the initiation of atherosclerosis

Anastasia V Poznyak1, Dongwei Zhang2, Andrey V Grechko3

  • 1Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia.

Minerva Cardioangiologica
|May 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Atherosclerosis involves arterial plaque buildup. Desialylation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and endothelial cells by sialidases is crucial in disease initiation and progression, offering therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of global mortality, characterized by arterial plaque accumulation and rupture.
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modification, particularly desialylation, is a key early event in atherosclerosis.
  • Sialic acids and sialidases play critical roles in cellular processes and vascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of sialic acids and sialidases in atherosclerosis initiation and development.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying desialylation's impact on LDL and vascular endothelium.
  • To identify potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets based on sialic acid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in atherosclerotic research.
  • Analysis of the biochemical functions of sialidases.
  • Examination of the impact of LDL and endothelial desialylation on atherogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Desialylation of LDL promotes cholesterol and lipid accumulation in arterial walls.
  • Sufficient sialylation of vascular endothelium is essential for preventing atherogenic plaque formation.
  • Sialidases are identified as crucial enzymes in regulating sialic acid levels and influencing atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Sialic acid modifications and sialidase activity are central to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Targeting sialidases and understanding their mechanisms could lead to novel therapies.
  • Further research into these pathways is vital for developing effective treatments and diagnostics for cardiovascular disease.

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