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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Complete and Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Hemorrhagic Shock
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High-School Students Can Stop the Bleed: A Randomized, Controlled Educational Trial.

Craig Goolsby1, Luis E Rojas2, Raphaelle H Rodzik2

  • 1Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (C Goolsby), Bethesda, Md; National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health (C Goolsby, LE Rojas, and RH Rodzik), Rockville, Md.

Academic Pediatrics
|May 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

High-school students can learn essential hemorrhage control skills through various educational methods. Blended and instructor-led approaches proved most effective for skill acquisition and improving willingness to help.

Keywords:
Stop the Bleedhemorrhage controlhigh-school studentsmedical educationsimulatedtourniquet

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Trauma Care
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Trauma is a leading cause of death for young Americans.
  • There is a growing need to equip adolescents with hemorrhage control knowledge and skills.
  • Optimal educational strategies for teaching hemorrhage control to adolescents are not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate high-school students' proficiency in learning hemorrhage control skills and knowledge.
  • To compare the effectiveness of three distinct educational modalities: instructor-led, web-only, and blended learning.
  • To assess students' attitudes towards using tourniquets after education.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving high-school students from 39 states.
  • Participants received hemorrhage control education via instructor-led, web-only, or blended formats.
  • Skill assessment included correct tourniquet application and identification of wounds requiring tourniquets.

Main Results:

  • A high percentage of students correctly applied tourniquets (88% instructor-led, 61% web-only, 94% blended).
  • Instructor-led and blended modalities significantly outperformed the web-only approach for skill proficiency.
  • Nearly all students successfully identified wounds requiring tourniquets, and all methods improved willingness to use tourniquets.

Conclusions:

  • High-school students can effectively acquire hemorrhage control skills through multiple educational modalities.
  • Blended and instructor-led education yield superior skill performance in hemorrhage control.
  • Educational programs should consider offering diverse modalities to enhance student learning and willingness to act in emergencies.