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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
11:53

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Normative Influences on Farmers' Intentions to Practice Conservation Without Compensation.

Jerry J Vaske1, Adam C Landon2, Craig A Miller3

  • 1Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. jerryv@colostate.edu.

Environmental Management
|June 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Farmers

Keywords:
Ascription of responsibilityAwareness of consequencesPayment for conservationSubjective norms

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Psychology

Background:

  • Agricultural runoff, including nitrogen and phosphorus, causes Gulf of Mexico hypoxia.
  • US Department of Agriculture programs incentivize conservation practices through direct payments.
  • Behavioral economics suggests direct payments are costly; social and personal norms may reduce costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationships between normative concepts and farmers' conservation intentions.
  • To investigate if personal and social norms influence conservation participation without financial compensation.

Main Methods:

  • Survey data collected from 551 Illinois farmers participating in conservation programs.
  • Utilized norm activation theory and the theory of reasoned action.
  • Assessed awareness of consequences (AC), ascription of responsibility (AR), and subjective norms (SN).

Main Results:

  • All hypotheses were supported.
  • Subjective norms (SN) positively related to awareness of consequences (AC) and ascription of responsibility (AR).
  • Awareness of consequences (AC) positively related to ascription of responsibility (AR).
  • Both AC and AR positively related to conservation intentions without compensation.
  • Personal norms (AC, AR) and social norms (SN) influenced intentions to continue conservation without pay.

Conclusions:

  • Activating personal and social norms can facilitate conservation participation without direct financial incentives.
  • Behavioral interventions targeting norms may reduce nutrient pollution contributing to Gulf of Mexico hypoxia.
  • Understanding normative influences is key to cost-effective environmental policy in agriculture.