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Senescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Alterations, Molecular Mechanisms, and Rejuvenation Strategies

Jing Liu1,2, Yue Ding3, Zhongmin Liu1,2

  • 1Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) lose regenerative potential with age, becoming senescent and dysfunctional. This review explores MSC aging mechanisms and rejuvenation strategies to enhance their therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Aging leads to MSC dysfunction and loss of therapeutic efficacy.
  • Cellular senescence is a key factor in stem cell aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of senescent MSCs.
  • To elucidate molecular mechanisms driving MSC aging.
  • To discuss strategies for rejuvenating senescent MSCs for therapeutic use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on MSC aging.
  • Analysis of phenotypic and functional changes in senescent MSCs.
  • Examination of molecular pathways involved in MSC senescence.

Main Results:

  • Senescent MSCs exhibit altered morphology, reduced proliferation, and impaired differentiation.
  • Key aging mechanisms include telomere attrition, DNA damage, and epigenetic alterations.
  • Various rejuvenation strategies are being investigated, including pharmacological and genetic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • MSC aging significantly limits their clinical utility.
  • Understanding MSC senescence is vital for developing effective regenerative therapies.
  • Rejuvenation strategies hold promise for restoring MSC function and expanding therapeutic applications.
Keywords:
agingmechanismmesenchymal stem cellsrejuvenationsenescence

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