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Risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study in 5 to 12 years old children

Fahimeh Soheilipour1, Sareh Shiri2, Hamid Reza Ahmadkhaniha3

  • 1Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports
|June 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

High birth weight, preterm birth, neonatal disease, lower maternal education, and fewer offspring are significant risk factors for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. These factors increase the likelihood of developing ADHD.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Pediatric psychiatry
  • Genetics and environmental factors in child development

Background:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies in pediatric populations.
  • Previous research has explored various genetic and environmental influences, but specific associations require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and identify key risk factors associated with the development of ADHD in children.
  • To compare potential risk factors between children diagnosed with ADHD and a control group of non-ADHD children.
  • To provide empirical evidence for factors contributing to ADHD etiology.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with 297 children diagnosed with ADHD and 297 matched controls.
  • Participants were children aged 5-12 years recruited from psychiatric and pediatric centers in Tehran, Iran.
  • The ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV)-Home Version confirmed ADHD diagnosis, and conditional binary logistic regression analyzed risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD exhibited significantly higher mean birth weight compared to controls (P=0.045).
  • High birth weight (>3500g) was associated with a 3.36-fold increased odds of ADHD, while low birth weight (<2500g) did not show a statistically significant association.
  • Additional risk factors identified include preterm delivery, neonatal disease, lower maternal education levels, and fewer offspring.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth, neonatal disease, high birth weight, lower maternal education, and fewer offspring are significant risk factors for ADHD.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering prenatal and early life factors in ADHD development.
  • The study underscores the need for targeted interventions for children exposed to these risk factors.
Abstract

Keywords:
attention deficit disorder with hyperactivitybirth weightlogistic modelsrisk factor

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