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MicroRNA analysis of childhood atopic dermatitis reveals a role for miR-451a
J Nousbeck1,2, M A McAleer1,3, G Hurault4
1National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators. This study found a distinct miRNA signature in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD), identifying miR-451a as a potential early diagnostic biomarker for AD.
Area of Science:
- Genomics and molecular biology
- Dermatology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene expression regulators implicated in various diseases.
- The miRNA expression patterns in pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) remain underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood compartments of infants diagnosed with atopic dermatitis.
- To identify potential miRNA biomarkers for early AD diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Small RNA sequencing (HTG EdgeSeq) was employed to analyze miRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma from infants with AD and healthy controls.
- Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for miRNA validation and target gene analysis.
- Logistic regression models evaluated the diagnostic potential of identified miRNAs.
Main Results:
- RNA sequencing revealed 10 differentially expressed miRNAs in PBMCs and eight in plasma of infants with AD.
- Upregulated inflammatory miRNAs (miR-223-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-143-3p) were identified in PBMCs.
- miR-451a was dysregulated in both PBMCs and plasma, validated in a larger cohort, and identified as a predictive biomarker for early AD diagnosis.
- miR-451a targets (IL6R, PSMB8) were elevated in AD patients and showed inverse correlation with miR-451a levels.
Conclusions:
- A distinct peripheral blood miRNA signature is present in infants with AD, indicating systemic disease effects.
- miR-451a exhibits unique expression across blood compartments in AD patients.
- miR-451a shows promise as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of atopic dermatitis.
Background:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), important regulators of gene expression, have been implicated in a variety of disorders. The expression pattern of miRNAs in paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been well studied.
Objectives:
We sought to investigate miRNA expression profiles in different blood compartments of infants with AD.
Methods:
Small RNA and analysis with the HTG EdgeSeq system were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of infants with AD vs. age-matched healthy controls, with reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) used for validation and measurement of miRNA targets. Logistic regression models with area under the receiving operating characteristic estimation was used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of chosen miRNAs for AD.
Results:
RNA sequencing was performed to access miRNA expression profiles in paediatric AD. We identified 10 differentially expressed miRNAs in PBMCs and eight dysregulated miRNAs in plasma of infants with AD compared with controls. Upregulated miRNAs in PBMCs included miRNAs known to be involved in inflammation: miR-223-3p, miR-126-5p and miR-143-3p. Differential expression of only one miRNA, miR-451a, was observed in both PBMCs and plasma of children with AD. Dysregulation of three miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-143-3p and miR-223-3p) was validated in larger numbers of samples and miR-451a was identified as a predictive biomarker for the early diagnosis of the disease. Experimentally verified targets of miR-451a, interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) and proteasome subunit beta type-8 (PSMB8), were increased in patients with AD, negatively correlated with miR-451a levels and upregulated following inhibition of miR-451a in PBMCs.
Conclusions:
In infants with AD, a distinct peripheral blood miRNA signature is seen, highlighting the systemic effects of the disease. miR-451a is uniquely expressed in different blood compartments of patients with AD and may serve as a promising novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD.
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